Note: This is a web site for the emerging book on nurses and is intended for the exclusive use only by the authors and reviewers.

C. Figley

Caring for the Caregiver Nurse:

Promoting Nursing Stress Resilience

 

Edited by

 

Charles R. Figley, Ph.D. and CDR Jacqueline D. Rychnovsky, Ph.D.

Purpose

This is a collection of chapters written by and for nurses about the special challenges and rewards of nursing. The nursing stressors account for the current and projected nursing shortage and lead to some unwanted medical, interpersonal, professional and emotional problems. The rewards of nursing are also important; they are the life blood that sustains and inspires nurses and must be both retained and expanded. The purpose of this book is to bring together the best available information about the rewards and challenges of nursing and offer useful and constructive guidance for caring for these caregivers and promoting their resilience.

Background

Caring for the caregiver as a concept is not new. However, the emergence and urgency of caring for nurses is new. This book draws from nursing education and personal development listed in the bibliography below. The book also draws from the literatures in other professions that have addressed caring for the caregiver in terms of theory, research, prevention, and treatment. The book will focused on burnout, caregiver burden, secondary suffering stress and compassion fatigue. Compassion Fatigue (CF) is the negative symptoms associated with patient care that, if left unattended, lead to low morale, poor self care, unprofessional and incompetent work performance, and general unhappiness. This syndrome has been well-documented among first responders, social workers, therapists and counselors, child protection workers, veterinarians, and other professionals. Only in the last four years has CF been confirmed in nurses though a nurse, Carol Joinson (1992), coined the term in a 1992 article in Nursing . A good example of the emerging knowledge about compassion fatigue in nursing is the recently completed study of hospice nurses by Abendroth (2005). See below for the chapter written for this book by Abendroth.

Book Structure

Approximately 14 chapters will be organized in three separate sections following the introductory chapter. Part I, Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations, includes two chapters that describe the most useful theoretical models that help frame and explain the structure and function of compassion fatigue and the nursing context. Part II, Research Foundations, includes chapters that document the incidence and prevalence of nursing stress, stress reactions, and associated work-related syndromes, the factors that appear to increase or decrease compassion fatigue, and comparisons among various nurse work settings including nursing education. Part III, Treatment Programs, includes chapters that not only clearly identify programs, treatments, and policies that appear to mitigate or prevent nursing stress and especially those programs and policies that promote nursing stress resilience. Chapters focus either on individual nurses in a specialty area or across more than one specialty, a group of nurses such as in an entire department, or focus on an entire system in which nurses work.

Chapter Structure

Part I Chapters.

These two chapters will follow a similar structure as indicated by the following outline:

•  Title: The brief title should identify the theory/model or group of models that are discussed in the chapter (e.g., Application of the Figley Compassion Fatigue Model in Understanding and Predicting Nursing Resilience)

•  Background: Here the author(s) notes the relevant history and understanding of the well being of nurses and how the theory contributes to understanding, studying, and promoting nursing well being.

•  Primary Variables: This section includes a description and discussion of the most important variables of the model, starting with the outcome variable of work-related stress, such as compassion fatigue or its correlate (e.g., secondary, work-induced trauma). Next this section discusses the independent and intervening variables that, together, account for the stress and resilience. The final section includes a summary of the relevant research reports that appear to demonstrate the significant interrelationship among the primary variables, and the explanatory power of the model in general.

•  Implications for Research and Intervention: This final section suggests the additional research that is needed to fully exploit the theory and more effectively assess, treat, and prevent compassion fatigue.

Part II Chapters.

There are eight chapters in this part of the book. An example of chapter (though not completed yet) is titled Compassion Fatigue Risk among Hospice Nurses , provided by Maryann Abendroth, MSN, RN . Her chapter and the seven others follow a similar structure as indicated in the following outline:

•  Title: The title should reflect the focus on the chapter and the types of nurses that were studied in terms of Stress and Resilience among _____ Nurses

•  Background: This section of the chapter discusses in some detail what these nurses do on a daily basis; their special training; demographic profile; and any other information that enable the reader to appreciate their context within which these nurses work.

•  The Markers of Stress and Resilience: This section reviewed the existing literature to specify the degree to which these nurses are experiencing compassion stress, compassion fatigue, or related, unwanted consequences from working with suffering patients.

• Other Indicators of Distress: This optional section allows the author to note what other evidence of distress has been documented in the literature, including rates of depression, health problems, turnover, absenteeism, and other indicators.

• Effective Methods for Promoting Coping and Resilience: Despite the challenges noted above, most nurses remain on the job for years. Why and how do they do it? What are the factors that account for this?

• Implications for Research and Intervention: This section permits the author to discuss what we still do not know about these nurses and what do they need in terms of services and policy that keep them on the job and thriving.

Part III Chapters.

These four chapters also follow a similar structure as indicated in the following outline:

•  Title: The title should reflect the name of the approach that best describes what it does: The ______ Approach to Promoting Nursing Stress Resilience

•  Background: This section of the chapter should focus on the problem of compassion fatigue in the nurses for which the treatment approach is designed. The incidence and prevalence of the problem should provide evidence of the problem and the presentation of a clear and convincing rationale for the treatment approach.

•  Treatment Protocol: This section of the chapter is devoted to guiding the reader in establishing the treatment approach by specifying the inclusion criteria, pre-testing, treatment protocol, management of unexpected outcomes, post-testing, and follow-up.

•  Discussion: This final section of the chapter provides a brief summary of the treatment approach, the reasons why it is successful, and ways in which the reader can utilize the approach in other nursing contexts.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Editors

Part I: Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations

Chapter 1: Nursing Stress and Promoting Resilience

Chapter 2:

Chapter 3:

 

Part II: Research Foundations

Chapter 4: Compassion Fatigue Risk among Hospice Nurses by Maryann Abendroth, MSN, RN , Florida State University

Chapter 5: The Invisible Casualties in Perioperative Nursing by Lorraine Osborne RN BN CPN(C), Queen Elizabeth Health Sciences, Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia

Chapter 6:

Chapter 7:

Chapter 8:

 

Part III: Treatment Programs

Chapter 9:

Chapter 10:

Chapter 11:

Chapter 12:

Chapter 13:

Chapter 14: Future Research and Practice Frontiers

The Editors

Book Construction Process

A Series will identify a core group of nurse educators and researchers to explain the project and ask for suggestions regarding people and projects that are relevant to this book. The Series will then send out invitations to chapter author candidates. They will be asked to submit a brief outline within a week. This will gage their interest and provide a sense of the scope and depth of coverage at the early stages. The Series will encourage those submitting acceptable outlines to send a first draft within a 1-2 month period. In the meantime the Series will work harder to solicit outlines of chapters for apparent gaps.

This process will be guided by an internet site that will include the table of contents of the emerging volume and links to the chapters as they are submitted. The chapters will be converted to a PDF file prior to uploading to the site. This will enable those who are writing chapters to both compare their progress with others but also enable them to adopt the emerging writing style. This will help to overcome one of the limitations of multi-authored books.

The deadline for submitting all chapters will be set by the editor and forwarding the entire book to the publisher six months later that the deadline for chapters for release of the book with a year of that date.

 

Book Construction Process

A Series will identify a core group of nurse educators and researchers to explain the project and ask for suggestions regarding people and projects that are relevant to this book. The Series will then send out invitations to chapter author candidates. They will be asked to submit a brief outline within a week. This will gage their interest and provide a sense of the scope and depth of coverage at the early stages. The Series will encourage those submitting acceptable outlines to send a first draft within a 1-2 month period. In the meantime the Series will work harder to solicit outlines of chapters for apparent gaps.

This process will be guided by an internet site that will include the table of contents of the emerging volume and links to the chapters as they are submitted. The chapters will be converted to a PDF file prior to uploading to the site. This will enable those who are writing chapters to both compare their progress with others but also enable them to adopt the emerging writing style. This will help to overcome one of the limitations of multi-authored books.

The deadline for submitting all chapters will be set by the editor and forwarding the entire book to the publisher six months later that the deadline for chapters for release of the book with a year of that date.

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