AFRICAN-AMERICAN SATIRE

The following is a list of primary and secondary (that is,
research-oriented) texts of satire written by African-Americans.  If you
should have any questions about African-American satire, please email me
(Darryl Dickson-Carr) at:  dbcarr@mailer.fsu.edu.

Enjoy your reading.

Abraham, Willie E.  Introduction.  Kelley vii-xii.
Abrahams, Roger D., ed.  Afro-American Folktales:  Stories from Black Traditions in 
	the New World.  New York:  Pantheon, 1985.
---.  Deep Down in the Jungle:  Negro Narrative Folklore from the Streets of 
	Philadelphia.  Chicago:  Aldine, 1970.  Cited in text as Deep.
Abrams, Meyer Howard.  A Glossary of Literary Terms.  5th ed.  New York:  Holt, 
	1988.
Baker, Houston A., Jr.  Black Studies, Rap and the Academy.  Black Literature and 
	Culture.  Chicago:  U of Chicago P, 1993.
---.  Blues, Ideology and Afro-American Literature:  A Vernacular Theory.  Chicago:  
	U of Chicago P, 1984.
---.  Long Black Song:  Essays in Black American Literature and Culture.  
	Charlottesville:  UP of Virginia, 1972.
Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikhailovitch. Rabelais and His World. 1965.  Trans. Hélčne 
	Iswolsky.  Bloomington:  Indiana UP, 1984.
Bell, Bernard W.  The Afro-American Novel and Its Tradition.  Amherst:  U of 
	Massachusetts P, 1987.
Bell, Derrick.  Faces at the Bottom of the Well:  The Permanence of Racism.  New 
	York:  Basic, 1992.
Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetoric of Fiction. 2nd ed.  Chicago:  U of Chicago P, 1983.
---.  A Rhetoric of Irony.  Chicago:  U of Chicago P, 1974.
Brown, Cecil.  The Life and Loves of Mr. Jiveass Nigger.  New York:  Farrar, 1969.
Bryant, Jerry H.  "Old Gods and New Demons--Ishmael Reed and his Fiction."  The
	Review of Contemporary Fiction 4.2 (1984):  195-202.
Butler-Evans, Elliott.  Race, Gender, and Desire:  Narrative Strategies in the Fiction
	of Toni Cade Bambara, Toni Morrison, and Alice Walker.  Philadelphia:
	Temple UP, 1989.
Carmichael, Stokely and Charles V. Hamilton.  Black Power:  The Politics of
	Liberation in America.  New York:  Vintage, 1967.
Carroll, Rebecca.  Swing Low:  Black Men Writing.  New York:  Crown, 1995.
Chesnutt, Charles W.  The Conjure Woman and Other Conjure Tales.  Ed. Richard H.
	Brodhead.  Durham:  Duke UP, 1993.
Cruse, Harold.  The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual.  1967.  New York:  Quill, 1984.
Dance, Daryl C.  Shuckin' and Jivin':  Folklore from Contemporary Black Americans.
	Bloomington:  Indiana UP, 1978.
Davis, Thadious M. and Trudier Harris, eds.  Dictionary of Literary Biography.  112
	vols.  Vol. 33:  Afro-American Fiction Writers After 1955.  Detroit:  Gale
	Research, 1984.  Abbreviated in text as DLB.
de Jongh, James.  Vicious Modernism:  Black Harlem and the Literary Imagination.
	Cambridge:  Cambridge UP, 1990.
Dubey, Madhu.  Black Women Novelists and the Nationalist Aesthetic.  Bloomington:
	Indiana UP, 1994.
Dundes, Alan, ed.  Mother Wit from the Laughing Barrel:  Readings in the
	Interpretation of Afro-American Folklore.  Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:  
	Prentice-Hall, 1973.
Ellis, Trey.  Platitudes.  New York:  Vintage, 1988.
Ellison, Ralph.  Invisible Man.  1952.  New York:  Vintage, 1990.
Epstein, Jacob.  "The Devil Wears a Beeper."  Los Angeles Times Book Review, 4 
	June 1989:  2.  Rpt. in Matuz 310-11.
Fabre, Michael.  "Postmodern Rhetoric in Ishmael Reed's Yellow Back Radio 
	Broke-Down."  The Afro-American Novel Since 1960.  Eds. Peter Bruck
	and Wolfgang Karrer.  Amsterdam:  B.R. Grüner, 1982.  167-88.
Fletcher, M.D.  Contemporary Political Satire:  Narrative Strategies in the Post-
	Modern Context.  Lanham, Maryland:  UP of America, 1987.
Fox, Robert Elliot.  Conscientious Sorcerers:  The Black Postmodernist Fiction of
	LeRoi Jone/Amiri Baraka, Ishmael Reed, and Samuel R. Delany.  
	Contributions in Afro-American and African Studies 106.  Westport:  
	Greenwood, 1987.
Frazier, E. Franklin. Black Bourgeoisie.  New York:  Free, 1957.
Frye, Northrop.  Anatomy of Criticism:  Four Essays.  Princeton:  Princeton UP, 1957.
Fuller, Hoyt W.  "Introduction:  Towards a Black Aesthetic."  Gayle 3-12.
---.  "The New Black Literature:  Protest or Affirmation."  Gayle 346-69.
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr.  Figures in Black:  Words, Signs, and the "Racial" Self.  
	Oxford:  Oxford UP, 1989.
---.  "Ishmael Reed."  Davis and Harris 219-32.
---, ed.  "Race," Writing and Difference.  Chicago:  U of Chicago P, 1986.
---.  The Signifying Monkey:  A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism.  
	Oxford.  Oxford UP, 1988.
---.  "Writing 'Race' and the Difference it Makes."  Gates 1-20.
Gayle, Addison, Jr., ed.  The Black Aesthetic.  Garden City, NY:  Doubleday, 1971.
---.  "Cultural Strangulation:  Black Literature and the White Aesthetic."  Gayle 39-46.
Gruesser, John C.  Rev. of Black Empire, by George S. Schuyler.  Ed. Robert A. Hill 
	and R. Kent Rasmussen.  African American Review 27.4 (1993):  679-86.
Guilhamet, Leon.  Satire and the Transformation of Genre.  Philadelphia:  U of 
	Pennsylvania P, 1987.
Harris, Norman.  "The Black University in Contemporary Afro-American Fiction."
	CLA Journal 30 (1986):  1-13.
Harris, Trudier and Thadious M. Davis, eds.  Dictionary of Literary Biography.  112
	vols.  Vol 51.  Afro-American Writers from the Harlem Renaissance to 1940.  
	Detroit:  Gale Research, 1987.
Hemenway, Robert E.  Zora Neale Hurston:  A Literary Biography.  Urbana:  U of
	Illinois P, 1977.
Hernández, Guillermo.  Chicano Satire:  A Study in Literary Culture.  Austin:  U of 
	Texas P, 1991.
Highet, Gilbert.  The Anatomy of Satire.  Princeton:  Princeton UP, 1962.
Himes, Chester.  If He Hollers Let Him Go.  1945.  New York:  Thunder's Mouth, 
	1990.
---.  Lonely Crusade.  1947.  New York:  Thunder's Mouth, 1992.
Hughes, Langston, ed.  The Langston Hughes Reader.  New York:  George Braziller,
	1958.
Johnson, Charles.  Middle Passage.  New York:  Plume, 1990.
Johnson, Charles S.  "The New Frontage on American Life."  Locke 278-98.
Johnson, James Weldon.  The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man.  1927.  New 
	York:  Vintage, 1989.
Jones, Norma R.  "George Samuel Schuyler."  Harris and Davis 245-52.
Kelley, William Melvin.  dem.  New York:  Collier, 1969.
Kernan, Alvin P.  "A Theory of Satire."  Satire:  Modern Essays in Criticism.  Ed.
	Ronald Paulson.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ:  Prentice-Hall, 1971.  249-77.
Kiley, Frederick and J.M. Shuttleworth, eds.  Satire from Aesop to BuchwaldU.  New
	York:  The Odyssey Press, 1971.
Killens, John Oliver.  The Cotillion, or One Good Bull is Half the Herd.  1971.  New
	York:  Ballantine, 1988.
Klotman, Phyllis R.  "Wallace Henry Thurman."  Harris and Davis 260-73.
Lemann, Nicholas.  The Promised Land:  The Great Black Migration and how it 
	Changed America.  New York:  Vintage, 1991.
Levine, Lawrence W.  Black Culture and Black Consciousness:  Afro-American Folk
	Thought from Slavery to Freedom.  Oxford:  Oxford UP, 1977.
Locke, Alain.  Foreword.  Locke xxv-xxii.
Locke, Alain, ed.  The New Negro.  1925.  New York:  Atheneum, 1992.
Lundquist, Susan Evertsen.  The Trickster:  A Transformation Archetype.  
	Distinguished Dissertations Series 11.  San Francisco:  Mellen Research UP,
	1991.
Martin, Reginald.  "An Interview with Ishmael Reed."  The Review of Contemporary
	Fiction 4.2 (1984):  176-87.
---.  Ishmael Reed and the New Black Aesthetic Critics.  London:  Macmillan, 1988.
Mason, Theodore O., Jr.  "Performance, History, and Myth:  The Problem of Ishmael 
	Reed's Mumbo Jumbo."  Modern Fiction Studies 34:1 (1988):  97-109.  Rpt. 
	in Matuz 307-10.
Matuz, Roger, et al., eds.  Contemporary Literary Criticism:  Excerpts from Criticism
	of the Works of Today's Novelists, Poets, Playwrights, Short Story Writers
	and Other Creative Writers.  70 vols.  Vol. 60.  Detroit:  Gale Research, 1990.
	Abbreviated in text as CLC.
Mayfield, Julian.  "You Touch My Black Aesthetic and I'll Touch Yours."  Gayle 24-
	31.
Nazareth, Peter.  "An Interview with Ishmael Reed." Iowa Review 13:2. 117-30.
Neal, Larry.  "Some Reflections on the Black Aesthetic."  Gayle 13-16.
Nichols, Charles H.  "Comic Modes in Black America (A Ramble through Afro-
	American Humor)."  Comic Relief:  Humor in Contemporary American 
	Literature.  Ed. Sarah Blacher Cohen.  Chicago:  U of Illinois P, 1978.  105-
	26.
Omi, Michael and Howard Winant.  Racial Transformation in the United States:  from
	the 1960s to the 1980s.  Ed. Michael W. Apple.  Critical Social Thought.  New
	York:  Routledge, 1986.
Paulson, Ronald.  The Fictions of Satire.  Baltimore:  Johns Hopkins, 1967.
Peplow, Michael W.  George S. Schuyler.  Twayne's United States Authors Ser. 349.
	Boston:  Twayne, 1980.
Pinckney, Darryl.  "Trickster Tales."  The New York Review of Books 36:15 (1989). 
	20, 22-4.  Rpt. in Matuz, 311-15.
Rampersad, Arnold.  "Langston Hughes." Smith, Baechler and Litz 163-174.
Reed, Ishmael.  Japanese by Spring.  New York:  Atheneum, 1993.
---.  Mumbo Jumbo.  1972.  New York:  Atheneum, 1988.
---, ed.  19 Necromancers from Now.  Garden City, NY:  Doubleday, 1970.
---.  Reckless Eyeballing.  New York:  St. Martin's, 1986.
---.  The Terrible Threes.  New York:  Atheneum, 1989.
---.  The Terrible Twos.  1982.  New York:  Atheneum, 1988.
---.  Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down.  1969.  New York:  Atheneum, 1988.
Reed, Thomas Vernon.  Fifteen Jugglers, Five Believers:  Literary Politics and the
	Poetics of American Social Movements.  Berkeley:  U of California P, 1992.
Roberts, John W.  From Trickster to Badman:  The Black Folk Hero in Slavery and
	Freedom.  Philadelphia:  U of Pennsylvania P, 1989.
Schuyler, George S.  Black No More:  Being an Account of the Strange and 
	Wonderful Workings of Science in the Land of the Free, A.D. 1933-1940.  
	1931.  Ed. Richard Yarborough.  The Northeastern Library of Black 
	Literature.  Boston:  Northeastern UP, 1989.
Singh, Amritjit.  Foreword. Thurman vii-xxix.
Smith, Valerie, Lea Baechler and A. Walton Litz, eds.  African American Writers.  
	New York:  Collier, 1993.
Stringfellow, Frank, Jr.  The Meaning of Irony:  A Psychoanalytic Investigation.  Ed. 
	Mihai I. Spariosu.  SUNY Series, The Margins of Literature.  Albany:  State
	U of New York P, 1994.
Swift, Jonathan.  The Writings of Jonathan Swift.  Ed. Robert A. Greenberg and 
	William Bowman Piper.  New York:  Norton, 1973.
Tate, Greg.  Flyboy in the Buttermilk:  Essays on Contemporary America.  New York:  
	Simon, 1992.
Thurman, Wallace.  Infants of the Spring.  1932.  Ed. Richard Yarborough.  The 
	Northeastern Library of Black Literature.  Boston:  Northeastern UP, 1992.
Voltaire, Jean-Marie Arouet de. Candide, or Optimism.  Trans. and Ed. Robert M.
	Adams.  New York:  Norton, 1966.
Watkins, Mel.  On the Real Side:  Laughing, Lying and Signifying--the Underground
	Tradition of African-American Humor that Transformed American Culture, 
	from Slavery to Richard Pryor.  New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1994.
"Reductio ad absurdum."  Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary.  1986.
Weisenburger, Steven.  Fables of Subversion:  Satire and the American Novel, 1930-
	1980.  Athens & London:  U of Georgia P, 1995.
Worcester, David.  The Art of Satire.  New York:  Russell, 1960.
Zumwalt, Rosemary Lévy.  American Folklore Scholarship:  A Dialogue of Dissent.
	Bloomington:  Indiana UP, 1988.