- Neoplatonism
- Saint Augustine (354-430)
- Hippo
- "City of God"
- "Confessions"
- Ambrose of Milan (339-397)
- "On the Duties of a Christian Minister
- Theodosius I
- Jerome (345-420)
- Gregory I The Great (590-604)
- Papal States
- "The Book of Pastoral Care"
- Monasticism