3/25/98

Papal Reform

• Leo IX (1049-1054)
  • Cardinals
  • Simony
  • Celibacy
• Gregory VII (1073-1085)
  • Hildebrand
  • “Freedom of the Church”
• Henry IV (1056-1106)
  • King of Germany
• Investiture Controversy (1073-1085)
  • Bishopric of Milan
  • Excommunication
  • Canossa
  • Concordat of Worms (1122)
• Innocent III
  • 4th Latern Council (1215)
  • Albigensian Crusade
  • Philip II Augustus
  • King John
  • Thronstreit (1197-1215)