Together
with the animated agent's effect on cognition, the motivational
effect of agents is an important element that adds value to
the instructional software in which the agent is used.
According
to Dehn & Van Mulken's (2000) summary of research studies,
most results show a positive impact on the user's affect, operationalized
by labels such as comfortability, likeability, engagingness/entertainment,
and utility.
Other
researchers, like Moreno (2000), have looked into the affective
domain as a secondary focus, and have reported positive results
on motivation. Also, Koda & Maes' (1996) have found animated
agents have had a positive effect on likeability on the part
of the user.
The
important aspect of enhanced motivation resulting from the use
of animated agents is that learning and motivation are closely
connected. Although a student may still learn with demotivating
instructional materials, having a good instructional program
that includes motivational components (like an animated agent)
increases the chances of the user spending more time with the
learning activities and engaging in meaningful interaction with
those instructional materials.
At
the same time, a higher level of motivation resulting from the
presence of the animated agent produces the CBS (Come Back Soon)
effect, by which users have such a nice, positive experience
with that program that they are better predisposed to engage
in learning activities with similar programs.
Both
motivational and cognition factors need to be taken into account
when implementing a program with an animated agent component
in it. The right knowledge on how motivation and cognition work
in the agent-based environment comes from examination of previous
research done in the field.